Male Fertility Screening
We specialise in common causes of infertility in males. Offering Comprehensive Semen Analysis and expert advice.
Private Male Infertility Specialists
At the London Pregnancy Clinic, we offer a comprehensive suite of male infertility services, designed to support individuals and couples on their journey towards parenthood. From initial consultations and semen analysis for males, to couple fertility assessments – LPC is the clinic for you.
Our state-of-the-art clinic in the heart of London offers a team of experienced fertility and reproductive medicine specialists counsellors. Understanding that infertility can be a challenging and sensitive issue, our approach is holistic and patient-centred, ensuring that every client receives personalised care tailored to their specific needs.
The best Male Fertility Screening services in London
Comprehensive Male Fertility Assessment
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Semen Analysis with the most advanced labs in the UK from £220
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Dedicated consultant specialising in male infertility
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Service available for single males and couples who would like to discuss their fertility health.
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Same day (phone/online) and weekend appointments.
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5* rated service on Google, Trustpilot & Doctify
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We work with insurance companies – please get in touch to enquire.
Personalised Evidence-Based Care
The semen analysis includes only the analysis performed by the lab. You will be required to provide your dedicated healthcare provider who will interpret the results for you.
The consultation + Semen Analysis costs includes a consultation with our reproductive health specialist, once the sperm analysis results are back. This includes discussing factors such as lifestyle factors, diet and other potential causes of infertility. As well as a referral to an andrologist if a further investigation is required.
We will send the test kit along with the instruction for you to collect the semen sample in the comfort of your home. You will also get a return label to send the sample to the lab – TDL.
Once we received your analysis results, usually withing 2-4 working days, a team member will get in touch to arrange a consultation which can either be done in person or over Zoom/Telephone consultation.
If you are interested in testing both your fertility as well as a female partner fertility, we offer a variety of tests to cover all aspects of male and female fertility. Our Semen Analysis test in London is offered by TDL, who also offer a wide range of female fertility blood tests.
A fertility consultation can be combined for a male and female partner. We offer a wide range of fertility scans for women, including HyCoSY, Follicle Tracking and Endometrial Lining scans.
Treating male infertility involves a range of approaches tailored to address the specific underlying causes affecting an individual’s ability to conceive. These include lifestyle modifications, medication, surgical procedures, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), ensuring that each patient receives the most effective treatment plan suited to their unique situation.
Lifestyle changes and medication often serve as the initial steps in treating male infertility, focusing on improving sperm quality, quantity, and overall reproductive health. Advice on diet, exercise, and avoiding harmful substances is coupled with medical treatment for infections or hormonal imbalances that could be impacting fertility. For more complex cases, surgical options such as varicocele repair or vasectomy reversal are available, aimed at rectifying physical issues that hinder sperm production or delivery.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) play a pivotal role in treating male infertility, with Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) among the most common methods. In cases where sperm count is extremely low or there are significant issues with sperm quality, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) offers a highly effective solution, involving the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to facilitate fertilisation. Additionally, techniques like Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) are utilised to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles when ejaculation is not possible or no sperm are present in the ejaculate.
London Pregnancy Clinic is not an IVF clinic, but we have a number of partner clinics in the UK and abroad we could refer for the continuity of your care.
Male infertility is a significant health issue that affects many couples wishing to start a family. In the UK and globally, it contributes to around half of all infertility cases, underscoring the importance of recognising and addressing the factors that lead to reproductive challenges in men.
UK Statistics on Male Infertility In the United Kingdom, male infertility is a concern that mirrors the global trend, affecting approximately 1 in 7 couples. This statistic highlights the prevalence of fertility issues among a significant portion of the population, with male factors being responsible for about 30-50% of these cases. The NHS acknowledges that among these couples struggling with infertility, the causes are attributed equally between male and female factors in a considerable number of instances.
Global Perspective on Male Infertility Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that infertility affects between 48 million couples and 186 million individuals. Male infertility factors contribute to approximately 50% of all infertility cases worldwide. These figures illustrate the widespread nature of the issue, affecting millions of couples in their pursuit of parenthood.
In the UK, several charities are dedicated to supporting individuals and couples facing fertility issues, including those specifically focusing on male infertility. These organisations play a crucial role in providing information, support, and advocacy for those navigating the often challenging journey towards parenthood. Here’s an overview of some prominent fertility charities within the UK, highlighting their focus areas and any specific emphasis on male infertility.
Fertility Network UK
Fertility Network UK is a leading national charity providing support, advice, and information to anyone experiencing fertility problems. While not exclusively focused on male infertility, the organisation addresses all aspects of fertility issues, including the impact on men. They offer a wide range of resources and services, such as a dedicated helpline, online forums, and local support groups, to assist individuals and couples during their fertility journey.
The Daisy Network
The Daisy Network is dedicated to providing support to women experiencing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Although its primary focus is on female fertility issues, the charity’s resources and support services can be valuable to couples, including those where male infertility is also a concern.
The British Fertility Society (BFS)
The British Fertility Society, while not a charity in the traditional sense, is a professional association that promotes the study and advancement of fertility and reproductive medicine. The BFS provides guidelines, research, and educational resources that cover all aspects of fertility, including male infertility. Through its work, the BFS supports improvements in care and treatment for those affected by fertility issues.
Male-Specific Fertility Support
When it comes to charities specifically targeting male infertility, the landscape is more limited. However, there are broader men’s health organisations and initiatives that cover aspects of male fertility:
Men’s Health Forum
The Men’s Health Forum is a charity aimed at tackling male health issues across the board, including aspects of male fertility. They provide information and support on a range of health concerns relevant to men, advocating for better health services and outcomes for men.
Fertility Matters at Work
Fertility Matters at Work is an initiative that, while not exclusively for men, recognises the impact of fertility challenges on both men and women in the workplace. They offer guidance and support for employers and employees, promoting a better understanding and accommodations for fertility treatments.
Evidence-based maternity care with LPC midwifery services
Male infertility is a significant concern for many couples trying to conceive, contributing to around half of all infertility cases. Understanding the common causes of male infertility is essential for those seeking information and support. This overview explores the predominant factors leading to fertility issues in men, highlighting the importance of awareness and early intervention.
Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia)
One of the leading causes of male infertility is a low sperm count, where the semen contains fewer sperm than normal. A sperm count of fewer than 15 million sperm per millilitre of semen is considered lower than normal. Oligospermia can significantly reduce the chances of fertilising an egg naturally.
Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenozoospermia)
Sperm motility refers to the ability of sperm to move efficiently. Poor sperm motility means that sperm do not swim properly, which can prevent them from reaching and fertilising an egg. It is a common factor in male infertility.
Abnormal Sperm Shape (Teratozoospermia)
The shape of sperm, known as sperm morphology, plays a critical role in the success of fertilisation. Abnormal sperm shape can make it difficult for sperm to penetrate and fertilise an egg. A higher percentage of abnormally shaped sperm can decrease fertility.
Varicocele
A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It is the most common reversible cause of male infertility. Varicoceles can decrease sperm quality and quantity, though not all varicoceles affect sperm production.
Lifestyle Factors
Several lifestyle factors can impact male fertility, including:
- Smoking tobacco
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Illicit drug use
- Overweight or obesity
- Stress
- Exposure to toxins and pollutants
Hormonal Imbalances
Hormones regulate the production of sperm and sexual function. Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone can affect sperm production and lead to infertility.
Ejaculation Issues
Ejaculation disorders, such as premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, or retrograde ejaculation, can hinder the delivery of sperm to the egg, thereby impacting fertility.
Genetic Factors
Certain genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome or cystic fibrosis, can affect male fertility by impacting sperm production or causing blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm.
Medical Treatments and Conditions
Some medical treatments, especially those for cancer like chemotherapy and radiation, can negatively affect sperm production. Additionally, surgeries related to the bladder, urethra, and prostate, and conditions like diabetes, can impact fertility.
Environmental and Occupational Factors
Exposure to heavy metals, radiation, and high temperatures can affect sperm production and function. Occupations that involve exposure to these factors can pose a risk to male fertility.
Yes, there are instances where both male and female factors contribute to infertility, impacting a couple’s ability to conceive. This combined infertility is a scenario where issues are identified in both partners, making the journey to parenthood more challenging. Understanding the dynamics of combined infertility is crucial for couples facing difficulties in conceiving, as it highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments and tailored treatment strategies for both partners.
Understanding Combined Infertility
Combined infertility occurs when both partners have one or more factors that impair their reproductive capabilities. In the realm of fertility issues, it’s essential to recognise that infertility is not solely a concern for one partner. Statistics suggest that in up to 30% of infertility cases, both male and female factors are identified, underscoring the complexity of reproductive health.
Common Causes in Combined Infertility
In men, common causes of infertility may include low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, and issues related to sperm delivery. Environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and certain health conditions can also play a significant role in male fertility.
For women, infertility can arise from ovulatory disorders, fallopian tube damage, endometriosis, uterine or cervical abnormalities, and age-related factors that affect egg quality and reserve. Like with men, lifestyle and environmental factors can also impact female fertility.
The Importance of Joint Assessment
When couples face difficulties in conceiving, it’s crucial for both partners to undergo comprehensive fertility evaluations. This approach ensures that any contributing factors from both sides are identified, allowing for a more targeted and effective treatment plan. Fertility assessments typically involve a series of tests and consultations, which may include semen analysis for men and ovulation monitoring, hormonal assessments, and imaging studies for women.
Treatment Options for Combined Infertility
Treatment for combined infertility depends on the specific factors involved and may include a range of medical interventions and lifestyle modifications. Options may encompass:
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Medications to improve ovulation in women and increase sperm production in men.
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Surgical procedures to correct anatomical issues affecting fertility in either partner.
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Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), which can be particularly effective in overcoming combined infertility by facilitating fertilisation outside the body.
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Lifestyle changes aimed at improving overall health and fertility, including diet modifications, weight management, reducing alcohol and tobacco use, and minimising exposure to environmental toxins.
The Role of Support and Counselling
Facing combined infertility can be emotionally challenging for couples. Support and counselling services play a vital role in providing emotional support and guidance through the fertility journey. Fertility counselling can help couples cope with the stress and emotional impact of infertility, offering strategies to manage anxiety and improve relationship dynamics during this trying time.
Lifestyle habits play a significant role in male fertility, with certain behaviours potentially having adverse effects on sperm quality, quantity, and overall reproductive health. Understanding the impact of these habits is crucial for men looking to improve their fertility or for couples trying to conceive. Here, we explore some of the lifestyle factors that can negatively affect male fertility, offering insights for those seeking to enhance their reproductive health.
Smoking
Smoking tobacco has been linked to reduced sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. The toxins in cigarettes can damage sperm DNA, leading to decreased fertility and an increased risk of miscarriage or birth defects.
Alcohol Consumption
Excessive alcohol intake can lead to a decrease in sperm production and a reduction in testosterone levels, impacting sperm quality and libido. Moderate to heavy drinking is associated with a higher risk of infertility.
Illicit Drug Use
The use of illicit drugs, including marijuana, cocaine, and anabolic steroids, can significantly impair male fertility. These substances can reduce sperm count, alter sperm motility, and cause hormonal imbalances, hindering the ability to conceive.
Obesity
Being significantly overweight or obese can negatively impact sperm quality and fertility. Obesity is linked to hormonal changes that reduce sperm production and can also cause sexual dysfunction. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is essential for optimal reproductive health.
Poor Nutrition
A diet lacking in essential vitamins and minerals can affect male fertility. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, zinc, and selenium, are particularly important for maintaining healthy sperm. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is recommended.
Stress
Chronic stress can affect fertility by altering hormone levels and potentially reducing sperm production. Finding effective ways to manage stress, such as through exercise, meditation, or counselling, can improve overall well-being and fertility.
Exposure to Toxins and Environmental Pollutants
Exposure to environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, can reduce sperm quality and function. Occupational exposure to these substances should be minimised, and protective measures should be taken when necessary.
Heat Exposure
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can impair sperm production. This includes regular use of hot tubs, saunas, and even prolonged sitting with laptops on the lap. Keeping the testicular area cool is advisable to support optimal sperm health.
Sedentary Lifestyle
A lack of physical activity can contribute to obesity and poor cardiovascular health, which in turn can affect fertility. Regular exercise improves fertility, but it’s important to avoid excessive exercise, which can have the opposite effect.
Semen analysis is a crucial diagnostic test in the assessment of male fertility. It involves evaluating a semen sample to check for abnormalities in sperm and seminal fluid, providing valuable information about a man’s fertility status. The process is performed in a laboratory setting by trained professionals, adhering to strict protocols to ensure accuracy and reliability of the results. Here’s an overview of how semen analysis is carried out, offering insights into the steps involved in this essential fertility test.
Collection of Semen Sample
The first step in semen analysis is the collection of a semen sample. Typically, this is done through masturbation, with the sample being ejaculated directly into a sterile container. The collection usually takes place in a private room at the laboratory or clinic. It’s important for the individual to follow pre-test instructions, such as abstaining from ejaculation for 2 to 5 days prior to the test, to ensure the accuracy of the results.
Initial Assessment
Once collected, the semen sample undergoes an initial assessment. This includes measuring the volume of the sample and observing its appearance. The liquefaction time, or the time it takes for the semen to liquefy, is also noted. Normal semen should liquefy within 20 to 30 minutes after ejaculation.
Microscopic Examination
The microscopic examination is a critical component of semen analysis. Under a microscope, the laboratory technician assesses several key parameters:
- Sperm Count (Concentration): The number of sperm present per millilitre of semen. A lower than normal sperm count may indicate infertility.
- Sperm Motility: The ability of sperm to move effectively. This is usually reported as the percentage of sperm that are moving and the quality of their movement.
- Sperm Morphology: The shape and structure of sperm. Abnormal morphology can affect the sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg.
Additional Tests
Depending on the initial findings, additional tests may be performed, including:
- Semen pH: The acidity of the semen, which can affect sperm motility and survival.
- White Blood Cell Count: To check for signs of infection in the semen.
- Fructose Level: To assess the seminal vesicles’ function, which is important for sperm motility.
Analysis and Reporting
After the examination, the results are compiled and analyzed. The report will detail the findings, comparing them to reference values established by the World Health Organization (WHO). This report is then reviewed by a fertility specialist, who will interpret the results in the context of the individual’s overall fertility assessment.
The typical sperm count in a normal adult male ejaculation plays a crucial role in understanding male fertility. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the normal range for sperm concentration in semen is about 15 million sperm per millilitre (ml) of semen or a total count of approximately 39 million sperm per ejaculate. This benchmark is used as a guideline for assessing male fertility, with counts above this range generally considered normal and indicative of a potentially higher fertility potential.
However, it’s important to note that sperm count is just one aspect of semen quality. Other factors, such as sperm motility (the ability of sperm to move effectively towards an egg) and sperm morphology (the shape and structure of sperm), are also critical in determining a man’s fertility. A semen analysis that evaluates these parameters, in addition to sperm concentration, provides a comprehensive overview of male reproductive health.
Men with sperm counts below the WHO reference values may experience difficulties in conceiving naturally, but it does not necessarily mean that natural conception is impossible. There are various treatments and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) that can assist couples facing male factor infertility.
Lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental toxins, can also influence sperm count and overall semen quality. Making positive lifestyle changes can sometimes improve sperm count and enhance fertility prospects.
For men concerned about their fertility or sperm count, consulting a healthcare professional or a fertility specialist is advisable. They can provide personalised advice, conduct further testing if necessary, and discuss potential treatment options based on individual circumstances and test results.
Yes, age is a factor that can affect the fertility of males, albeit in a more gradual manner compared to females. While men can remain fertile and father children well into their later years, research indicates that male fertility does begin to decline with age, particularly after the age of 40. This decline in fertility can be attributed to several factors associated with ageing, which impact sperm quality and reproductive health.
Age-Related Changes in Male Fertility
Decrease in Semen Volume and Sperm Quality: As men age, there is a noticeable decrease in semen volume and sperm motility (the ability of sperm to move efficiently). Sperm morphology (the size and shape of sperm) can also be affected, with an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation observed in older men. These changes can reduce the likelihood of successful fertilisation and pregnancy.
Reduced Sexual Function: Ageing can lead to changes in sexual function, including a decrease in libido and erectile dysfunction. These issues can make conceiving more challenging.
Increased Time to Conception: Studies have shown that the time it takes for a couple to conceive increases as the male partner ages. This is partly due to the decreased sperm quality and sexual function mentioned above.
Higher Risk of Health Conditions: Older age in men is associated with an increased risk of developing health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can indirectly impact fertility.
Genetic Risks: There is evidence to suggest that the children of older fathers may be at a higher risk of certain health conditions, including some genetic disorders and autism. This is thought to be related to mutations in sperm that are more likely to occur as men age.
Addressing Age-Related Fertility Concerns
While age can affect male fertility, there are steps that men can take to maintain their reproductive health as they grow older:
- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol can help preserve fertility.
- Regular Health Check-ups: Monitoring and managing chronic health conditions can reduce their impact on fertility.
- Timely Fertility Evaluations: If experiencing difficulties conceiving, seeking a fertility evaluation sooner rather than later can help identify any issues and explore treatment options.
- Consideration of Future Fertility: For men who wish to delay fatherhood, sperm freezing (cryopreservation) is an option to consider, preserving sperm quality at a younger age.
Sperm freezing, also known as sperm cryopreservation, is a valuable fertility preservation technique for men who may face a risk of losing their fertility. This process involves collecting, freezing, and storing sperm for future use. Several groups of patients should consider sperm freezing as a proactive step towards ensuring they have the option to father biological children in the future. Understanding who might benefit from this procedure is crucial for individuals facing life events or medical treatments that could impact their fertility.
Cancer Patients
Men diagnosed with cancer, particularly those requiring treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, may experience temporary or permanent infertility as a side effect. Sperm freezing before starting treatment offers the chance to preserve fertility and pursue biological parenthood later on.
Surgical Candidates
Certain surgical procedures, including vasectomy and surgeries related to the testicles, prostate, or other reproductive organs, can lead to fertility issues. Men undergoing these surgeries might consider sperm freezing as a precautionary measure.
Endocrine Therapy Patients
Treatments involving hormones, such as testosterone replacement therapy, can affect sperm production and fertility. Men planning to undergo endocrine therapy are advised to explore sperm cryopreservation beforehand.
Individuals with Occupational or Environmental Risks
Men exposed to hazardous substances, radiation, or extreme temperatures in their work environment might experience a decline in sperm quality and quantity. Sperm freezing can be a preventive step for those at risk due to occupational hazards.
Athletes Using Performance-enhancing Drugs
The use of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs can severely impact fertility. Athletes considering or currently using these substances may wish to freeze sperm to safeguard their future fertility.
Transgender Individuals Prior to Transition
Transgender individuals planning to undergo gender-affirming hormone therapy or surgery may face fertility implications as a result of their transition. Sperm freezing before beginning treatment is a critical consideration for those who may wish to have biological children in the future.
Men with Degenerative Conditions
Certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or genetic disorders, can lead to a progressive decline in fertility. Early sperm freezing can provide a form of insurance for affected individuals.
Age-related Fertility Decline
Men who plan to delay fatherhood may consider sperm freezing as an option to preserve the quality of their sperm, acknowledging that sperm quality can decrease with age.