A single blood sample
The test needs one tube of blood from your arm, taken in the same way as any routine antenatal blood test. There is no needle near the pregnancy and no procedural risk to your baby — that is what ‘non-invasive’ means in this context.
What the laboratory measures is the fetal fraction: the proportion of the cfDNA in your sample that comes from the placenta rather than from you. Below about 10 weeks that proportion is often too low for a reliable analysis, which is why the assay is validated from 10 weeks onwards and why TDL states that it tests pregnancies of at least 10 weeks’ gestation.
Fetal fraction also tends to be lower at higher maternal body weight. If it is too low on the first draw, the result comes back as a ‘no call’ and a second sample is needed, rather than a wrong answer being reported.