Expert Smear Test in London

In the UK, the frequency of smear tests depends on your age. Women aged 25 to 49 are invited for cervical screening every 3 years. For women aged 50 to 64, the screening interval extends to every 5 years.

These intervals are set by the NHS cervical screening programme based on extensive research to balance the benefits of frequent screening with the potential risks of over-testing. It’s important to attend your screenings when invited, even if you’ve had the HPV vaccine, as the vaccine doesn’t protect against all types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.

Most women find that a smear test is not painful, although it can be slightly uncomfortable. The procedure involves inserting a speculum into the vagina to allow access to the cervix, which some women may find uncomfortable. The actual collection of cells is usually quick and should not cause pain.

If you’re anxious about the test or have experienced discomfort in the past, don’t hesitate to discuss this with your nurse or doctor. They can offer advice on relaxation techniques or alternative positions that might make the procedure more comfortable. Remember, the brief discomfort of the test is far outweighed by its potential to detect early signs of cervical cancer.

It’s generally recommended to avoid having a smear test during your period, as menstrual blood can affect the accuracy of the results. The best time for a smear test is mid-cycle, usually 10-14 days after the start of your last period.

If you’re scheduled for a test and your period starts unexpectedly, contact your GP surgery or clinic to reschedule. However, if you have irregular periods or continuous bleeding, don’t delay your screening – speak to your healthcare provider about the best approach for your situation.

Smear test results typically fall into one of several categories. A normal result means no abnormal cells were found, and you’ll be invited for your next routine screening as per the standard schedule. An inadequate result means the sample couldn’t be properly examined, often due to technical issues, and you’ll need to repeat the test.

Abnormal results can range from borderline changes to moderate or severe dyskaryosis. These results don’t necessarily mean you have cancer, but indicate that further investigation is needed. Your healthcare provider will explain your results and guide you through any necessary follow-up procedures, which may include a colposcopy for a closer examination of the cervix.

Generally, pregnant women are advised to postpone their smear test until about 3 months after giving birth. This is because pregnancy can cause changes in the cervix that might lead to unclear results. However, if you’re due for a test and discover you’re pregnant, inform your healthcare provider.

In some cases, particularly if you’ve had abnormal results in the past or are experiencing symptoms, your doctor might recommend proceeding with the test during early pregnancy. Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your individual situation.

An abnormal smear test result doesn’t necessarily mean you have cervical cancer. It simply indicates that some cell changes were detected in your cervix. Depending on the level of abnormality, you may be asked to have another smear test in a few months or be referred for a colposcopy, a procedure that allows for a closer examination of the cervix.

If further investigation is needed, your healthcare provider will guide you through the process. Remember, most abnormal cells revert to normal on their own, and even if treatment is required, early detection through regular screening means that any issues can usually be addressed before they become serious.

Recognising the symptoms of cervical cancer is crucial for early detection and treatment. While regular smear tests are the best way to catch cervical abnormalities before they develop into cancer, being aware of potential warning signs is important. Here are the key symptoms of cervical cancer to watch out for:

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding: This includes bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause. Any unexpected bleeding should be investigated by a GP.
2. Changes in vaginal discharge: An increase in the amount, or changes in the colour or odour of vaginal discharge may indicate a problem.
3. Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse: Persistent pain or discomfort during or after sex can be a sign of cervical issues.
4. Lower back or pelvic pain: Unexplained pain in these areas, especially if persistent, should be checked.
5. Unexplained weight loss: Significant weight loss without changes in diet or exercise habits can be a symptom of various cancers, including cervical cancer.
6. Fatigue: Persistent and unexplained tiredness may be a sign of advanced cervical cancer.
7. Loss of appetite: A sudden decrease in appetite, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, should be investigated.
8. Leg pain or swelling: In advanced cases, cervical cancer can cause leg pain or swelling due to lymph node involvement.
9. Difficulty urinating: Problems with urination or changes in bladder habits could indicate the cancer is affecting nearby organs.
10. Bone pain: In very advanced cases, cervical cancer that has spread to the bones may cause persistent pain.

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by many other conditions, most of which are less serious than cervical cancer. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, particularly if they persist or worsen, it’s essential to consult your GP promptly. Early detection through regular cervical screening and prompt investigation of symptoms significantly improves the chances of successful treatment for cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer treatment in the UK is tailored to each patient’s specific situation, considering factors such as the cancer stage, overall health, and personal preferences. The NHS offers a range of cutting-edge treatments, often combining different approaches for optimal outcomes. Here’s an overview of the main cervical cancer treatments available:

1. Surgery: For early-stage cervical cancer, surgery is often the primary treatment. Options include:
   • Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)
   • Cone biopsy
   • Trachelectomy (removal of the cervix)
   • Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix)
   • Pelvic exenteration (for advanced cases)
2. Radiotherapy: This treatment uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It may be given:
   • Externally (external beam radiotherapy)
   • Internally (brachytherapy)
   • Often in combination with chemotherapy (chemoradiation)
3. Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy may be given:
   • Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy)
   • After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy)
   • In combination with radiotherapy
   • As a primary treatment for advanced cervical cancer
4. Targeted therapy: These drugs specifically target cancer cells while minimising damage to healthy cells. Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a targeted therapy sometimes used for advanced cervical cancer.
5. Immunotherapy: This emerging treatment helps the body’s immune system fight cancer cells. Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy drug that may be used for certain types of advanced cervical cancer.

The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the cancer stage, tumour size, and whether the patient wishes to preserve fertility. Multidisciplinary teams of oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists work together to develop the most effective treatment plan for each patient. Throughout treatment, patients receive supportive care to manage side effects and maintain quality of life.

For advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, clinical trials may offer access to innovative treatments not yet widely available. The NHS continually updates its treatment protocols based on the latest research to ensure patients receive the best possible care. Regular follow-up appointments and cervical screening are crucial after treatment to monitor for any signs of cancer recurrence.